Why Columbus Day Became a National Holiday- Historical Insights and Debates

Why was Columbus Day Made a Holiday?

Columbus Day, celebrated on the second Monday of October, is a federal holiday in the United States that commemorates the landing of Christopher Columbus in the Americas in 1492. However, the reasons behind the establishment of this holiday are complex and have evolved over time, raising questions about its significance and appropriateness in modern society.

Historical Background

The origin of Columbus Day can be traced back to the late 19th century when Italian immigrants in the United States began promoting the celebration of Columbus’ voyage as a way to honor their heritage. In 1792, the first Columbus Day parade was held in New York City to mark the 300th anniversary of Columbus’ arrival. The holiday was officially recognized by President Benjamin Harrison in 1892, marking the 400th anniversary of Columbus’ voyage.

Symbolism and National Identity

At the time, Columbus Day was seen as a symbol of national identity and the expansion of the United States. The holiday was meant to celebrate the nation’s achievements in exploration and to foster a sense of pride among Americans. By celebrating Columbus, the country was also celebrating its own history and the contributions of its European settlers.

Controversies and Criticisms

Over the years, the celebration of Columbus Day has faced increasing criticism, primarily due to the brutal treatment of Native Americans and other indigenous peoples following Columbus’ arrival. Many historians argue that Columbus’ voyage was not a peaceful exploration but a colonization effort that led to the exploitation and oppression of indigenous populations. This perspective has led to calls for the renaming or abolition of Columbus Day in many cities and states.

Renaming and Reevaluation

In response to these criticisms, some cities and states have renamed Columbus Day to Indigenous Peoples’ Day or Native American Heritage Day. These new names aim to acknowledge the contributions and struggles of indigenous peoples in the Americas. Others have chosen to observe the day as a day of remembrance and reflection on the complex history of European colonization.

Conclusion

The establishment of Columbus Day as a holiday was initially driven by a desire to celebrate American history and national identity. However, as awareness of the darker aspects of Columbus’ legacy has grown, the holiday has come under scrutiny. The renaming and reevaluation of Columbus Day reflect a broader movement towards recognizing and honoring the diverse and complex history of the United States, including the contributions and struggles of indigenous peoples. Whether or not Columbus Day will continue to be celebrated in its current form remains a topic of debate and reflection.